F23 Vs F22 - Although the US Air Force's Advanced Tactical Fighter (ATF) competition was decided almost three decades ago, in 1991, what would become Lockheed Martin's F-22A Raptor emerged as the winner. , a battle between the YF-22 and the Northrop YF-23. still appeals to many people to this day.
Although the Raptor became the most advanced air fighter ever built, the design of the YF-23 - especially when combined with the revolutionary engine of the General Electric YF-120 - worked well. Compared to the YF-22, the YF-23 is faster and more stealthy, but many argue that it is less maneuverable than the vector-controlled Raptor. However, the difference in handling between these two designs is smaller than many might imagine.
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"Interestingly, the YF-22 and YF-23 have exactly the same AoA [angle of attack] of 60º [degrees]," said Paul Metz, who was Northrop's analyst for the early YF-23 model and who later became a pilot for Lockheed Martin. The F-22's test chief, told me in an email in 2015, “The YF-23 can do this without vectoring. These V-tails are very powerful, especially when attached to a fixed fuselage.
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Although the YF-22, which has the ability to fly, has a small advantage in low air. "The YF-22 may have an advantage at very low speed, but neither company has enough time to investigate the low speed, high AOA," Metz wrote. "This is a good example of how a competitor should consider the PR [public relations] value of a flight test event. Lockheed realized this and made the AOA high and fired the missile and pulled the 9G. All the events had the same time. and the situation is not good, but left an impression."
One of the reasons Lockheed was successful in the ATF competition was because the company understood its audience. The then newly established Combat Air Command (ACC) is in charge of pilots who continue to place a significant premium on within visual range (WVR) air combat performance, and Lockheed has experience working understand this internal bias.
"ACC pilots were interested in combat and Lockheed gave a good demonstration of high AOA (despite limited and good tests). Northrop did not choose high AOA during DemVal [Demonstration and support] [and] this is a mistake," Metz wrote. "Both aircraft can do the same approach (stop, high AOA). As it is, the YF-22 is 'good' because they did something visually pleasing that Northrop could not (or so he thinks)."
Ultimately, the Air Force selected Lockheed's YF-22 design, which was also a unique aircraft, for ATF requirements. The YF-22 will eventually be replaced by the current F-22A Raptor, which entered service in late 2005 and is the most advanced fighter in the air. However, in many ways the YF-23 was an advanced design that was well ahead of its time. Although not the only thing involved, the Air Force had much more faith in the Lockheed team to manage what became the Raptor program.
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To learn more about the YF-23, one should read Metz's excellent book, Northrop YF-23 ATF (Air Force Legends Number 220), where he details the complete history of this incredible aircraft. Metz covers everything from the beginning of ATF's requirements, to Northrop's re-design of the program, to the FB-23 program dying in the mid-2000's. It is truly one of the greatest ATF program stories best written to date. Point: Finally, the Air Force ended up using a nicer plane in the Raptor - but both the YF-22 and YF-23 were great designs.
In 1991, Lockheed won the Advanced Tactical Fighter (ATF) competition and went on to develop the F-22 Raptor stealth fighter.
Although in many ways Northrop's loss of the YF-23 was a better plan, the US Air Force chose Lockheed's aircraft because they believed the company would manage the development program effectively - and because and the project assumed that the Raptor would cost nothing.
At the time, Northrop was in the doghouse at the Pentagon and the US Congress for massive overspending on the B-2 Spirit stealth bomber and many other projects. So far, McDonnell Douglas's partner has not fared well. "I don't know how the Air Force decides which contractors will build the ATF, but I can only imagine that it was a long time ago considering Northrop's dismal record of test fraud, contract violations, and fines," Rep. John Conyers (D) -Mich.) told the LA Times last year.
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But what would an operational F-23 look like? What if the General Electric revolutionary YF120 won?
Even in 1991, in terms of raw performance, the YF-23 developed by General Electric was recognized as the best performer, even compared to the Pratt & Whitney YF119 twin engine. The YF-23 has the best cruise performance, stealth and only a small maneuverability at very low speed.
“Interestingly, the YF-22 and YF-23 have the same 60° trimmed AoA. The YF-23 can do this without taking off. Those V-tails are very powerful, especially when attached to a fixed fuselage," said a source familiar with the YF-23 and Raptor. "The YF-22 may have an advantage at very low speeds. , but no company has enough time to quickly analyze the low speed, high AOA. This is a good example of how a competitor should consider the PR value of a flight test program. Lockheed realized this and made a high AOA, fired the missile and pulled the 9G. All the events have one time and the situation is not good, but left an impression. "
The source added that, in one way, it could cost Northrop the Advanced Tactical Fighter competition - barring other factors related to the option.
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"ACC [Air Combat Command] pilots were interested in combat and Lockheed gave a good demonstration of high AOA - despite the very limited and good tests," the source said. "Northrop chose not to do a high AOA during DemVal and that was a mistake. Both planes can do the same thing - high AOA and trimmed. As it is, the YF-22 is 'good' because and they did something visually pleasing that Northrop couldn't - or so it was discussed.
But what will all this mean for the airline in operation? In any case, the US Air Force would have received an unparalleled air superiority fighter. But while the Lockheed Martin F-22 is the most advanced air fighter the United States has ever produced, the operational F-23 can provide a much higher level of performance against potential enemies than the Raptor currently provides.
The final performance version of the F-23 would have given much better performance than the Raptor, especially at higher speeds, especially if it was powered by the YF120. That would have been useful in the Pacific. It must be stealthy and almost as maneuverable as the Raptor - or perhaps more so at different speeds and altitudes.
Both the Raptor and the fully operational F-23 would have carried eight air-to-air missiles inside - that's what the Air Force required. Also, the airlines that operate are one of the things about the airline - and competitors have proposed similar airports. In fact, the Raptor removed the radar originally intended for the YF-23.
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In the end, the Air Force ended up with a better plane in the Raptor, but both the YF-22 and YF-23 were great designs. If Northrop had won the competition, the F-23 would have been more efficient overall, but it would have been more expensive. With the F-23, the Air Force will have a higher range than threats like the Chinese J-20 or the Russian PAK-FA. But would that have been worth the price difference? It's hard to say, but we can guess. In the decade and a half since it first entered service, the Lockheed Martin F-22 Raptor has become a peerless aerial fighter, but that wasn't always the case. For a brief period in the 1990s, the YF-22 that would lead to the F-22 could meet its match in the form of Northrop's YF-23. Any of these super-powerful air-forces would have made the ultimate air force the first of a new generation, and the truth is that performance may not even be the final decision between these two planes. Perception is everything, even in the airline business.
In the 1980s, the US Air Force began hunting for a new type of fighter that could handle the new generation of Soviet fighter jets such as the Su-27 and Mig-29. Although the Soviet Union is less than ten years from the collapse, its military is very capable of the fourth generation, developed specifically to fight the American military, air F-15 Eagle and multirole F-16 Fighting Falcon .
Instead of continuing to develop a powerful fighter and high-flying fighter, as was the practice for much of the Cold War, the Air Force wanted to incorporate new, unique American capabilities into Next generation soldiers: stealth. One of the other requirements is the ability to "cruise" or maintain a high speed without using the aircraft's ignition. Supercruising will mean that the new fighter will be able to engage enemy aircraft at high speeds without taking on too much fuel - ensuring that the new fighter still has plenty of fighting to do after long periods of time.
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